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A LITTLE CHIP FOR EVERYTHING BIG

PROFESSOR AND DIRECTOR, COMPUTER ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTRE,UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN-US,WAS IN INDIA RECENTLY FOR AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VLSI DESIGN AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS.HE TALKS THE SAME

What are VLSI-embedded systems?

Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating integrated circuits by combining thousands of transistor-based circuits into a single chip. It began in the 1970s when complex semiconductor and communication technologies were being developed. In fact, the microprocessor is a VLSI device. VLSI-embedded systems are all about using integrated circuit technology for low-cost and practical applications. These systems are responsible for providing more functionality at lower costs. There was a time when one had to wait for months simply to get a landline connection and consequently laptops used to cost lakhs of rupees. But, all this changed thanks to VLSI-embedded systems. In fact, the information revolution itself could never have been brought about without these systems.

What is the need and scope for such systems today?

Today, almost any kind of serious technology uses VLSI-embedded systems. These include cars, mobiles, computers and so on. So, there is a need for such systems more than ever. Besides, there is immense scope for such systems as well. These include making more powerful computers, increased functionality, improved communication capabilities, and innovations in the area of education and entertainment.
In fact, there is increasing debate about using VLSI-embedded systems in the area of healthcare as well. There is an example of mobile diagnosis centres using this technology wherein detailed information about patients can be gathered easily even at remote locations. This information can then be transferred to a doctor in some other location who could then send the diagnosis accordingly. And there are many other examples of VLSI-embedded systems in this regard, including a chip-sized device that can generate information about an individual using a mere drop of the individual's blood.

Where does India stand in research and education in VLSI-embedded systems on the global front?

India has always been in a favourable position in this regard. It first witnessed large scale outsourcing from other companies, owing to cheaper costs. At the time, India didn't have the required fabrication facilities. But, this situation has changed as well and today, India has become a market in itself and various multinational companies are setting up base here.
It is, however, a little weak on the education front — especially in so far as higher education in VLSI-embedded systems is concerned. The IITs, for example, provides some professionals in this regard but there remains an urgent need for more institutions to provide Master's and doctoral-level degrees. This would require both skilled faculty and interested students. In fact, Indian institutes can learn a lot from their counterparts in Taiwan. A few years back, the Taiwanese government realising the scope of VLSI-embedded systems took a firm step to promote the same. Consequently, nearly 300 teaching positions were created in colleges for VLSI-embedded systems and today, Taiwan is among the leaders in this area. They have even been able to attract quality faculty and skilled researchers from the West back to Taiwan. A move like this could go a long way in promoting VLSI-embedded systems in India as well.

Do you see India actively competing in this area in the future?

Yes, certainly. In fact, it may be a lot sooner than most imagine. There is already some research being carried out here and with the immense scope for VLSI-embedded systems in the country's remote locations, it is only a matter of time that some innovative systems are conceived. What is needed, perhaps, is closer interaction between industry and academia.

Sunil Sharma

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